T2DM + CAD

Diabetes and Heart Troubles
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus has been shown increase the risk of coronary artery disease in both men and women. Men are at two to four-fold increased risk of CAD, and women three to five-fold. This risk is primarily due to diabetes assisting in plaque formation.

The effects of diabetes are also thought to magnify other underlying risk factors such as obesity, hypercholesterolaemia, hypertension and smoking. As such, it is vital that a multidisciplinary team is involved to treat those with CAD.

The primary care physician may be able to be involved in most areas of treatment and prevention, however, it may be best to refer on for additional support.

A dietitian can assist with improved eating habits and understanding of food and its effects on the body. Through this, it is possible to reduce hyperlipidaemia and hypertension, respectively responsible for an estimated 45% and 12% of deaths due to CAD. A Mediterranean diet has, in some cases, been responsible for a 75% reduction in CAD events in post MI patients.

Exercise physiologists can be employed to assist in modifying diet, responsible for up to 30% of deaths due to CAD, and also in eliminating obesity, responsible for 5% of deaths due to CAD.

Finally, a psychologist or support groups may assist in the cessation of smoking, responsible for approximately 20% of deaths due to CAD.

All stats kindly donated by Kumar and Clark.